Schwannomas originate from Schwann cells, which normally wrap around nerve fibers and provide insulation and support. When these cells proliferate uncontrollably, they can form a tumour. Schwannomas are typically encapsulated, well-defined masses.

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While schwannomas can occur anywhere in the body where Schwann cells are present, they most frequently develop along peripheral nerves, such as those in the head, neck, extremities, and spine. Common sites include the acoustic nerve (vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma), spinal nerves, and nerves of the arms and legs.

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The symptoms of schwannomas depend on their location and size. In many cases, these tumours grow slowly and may not cause symptoms until they become large enough to compress surrounding structures or nerves. Symptoms may include

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• pain

• numbness

• muscle weakness

• tingling

• loss of function in the affected area

 

In the case of acoustic schwannomas, patients may experience

 

• hearing loss

• tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

• dizziness

• balance problems

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To view symptoms in detail, click here

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis of schwannomas typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, to visualize the tumour and its relationship to nearby structures. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, although this is less common for suspected schwannomas due to their characteristic appearance on imaging.

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Treatment

Treatment options for schwannomas depend on factors such as the tumour size, location, symptoms, and whether it is growing or causing compression of nearby structures. Observation with periodic imaging may be appropriate for small, asymptomatic tumours. Surgical removal is often recommended for symptomatic or enlarging schwannomas, with the goal of preserving nerve function and minimizing the risk of recurrence. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used, particularly for tumours in locations where surgery is challenging or risky.