Meningiomas are tumours that arise from the meninges, which are the thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. These tumours are typically slow-growing and often benign, meaning they are not cancerous. However, in some cases, they can be malignant or become more aggressive over time.

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Meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumour, accounting for about 30% of all brain tumours. They are more commonly diagnosed in adults, particularly in people over the age of 60, but they can occur at any age.

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The exact cause of meningiomas is not fully understood. However, certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing these tumours, including exposure to radiation, genetic factors (such as neurofibromatosis type 2), and hormonal influences (meningiomas are more common in women, particularly those who have received hormone replacement therapy).

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Symptoms

The symptoms of meningiomas can vary depending on their size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms may include

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• persistent headaches (which may worsen over time),

• seizures,

• weakness or numbness in the limbs,

• changes in vision or hearing,

• difficulty with balance or coordination,

• personality changes.

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To view symptoms in detail, click here

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Diagnosis

Meningiomas are typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, and a biopsy to examine a sample of the tumour tissue under a microscope.

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Treatment

The treatment approach for meningiomas depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumour, as well as the overall health and preferences of the patient. Treatment options may include observation (for small, asymptomatic tumours), surgical removal of the tumour, radiation therapy (either conventional external beam radiation or stereotactic radiosurgery), and in some cases, chemotherapy or targeted therapy.