Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that primarily affects the brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Unlike other types of lymphoma, CNS lymphoma originates within the lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the brain or spinal cord, rather than spreading from other parts of the body.

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There are two main types of CNS lymphoma:

• Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL): This type originates in the brain, spinal cord, or eyes without evidence of spread to other parts of the body at diagnosis.

• Secondary CNS lymphoma: This type occurs when lymphoma cells spread from other parts of the body to the CNS.

Symptoms

Symptoms of CNS lymphoma can vary but may include

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• headaches

• seizures

• changes in vision

• confusion

• personality changes

• weakness or paralysis in certain parts of the body,

• difficulties with balance and coordination

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To view symptoms in detail, click here

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to visualize the brain and spinal cord, along with a biopsy to confirm the presence of lymphoma cells. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid may also be conducted to detect lymphoma cells.

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Treatment

Treatment for CNS lymphoma often involves a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment approach depends on factors such as the type and extent of the lymphoma, the patient's overall health, and individual preferences.

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