Astrocytomas are a type of brain tumour that originates from astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the brain and spinal cord. These tumours can occur at any age but are more commonly diagnosed in adults. Astrocytomas are classified based on their grade, which indicates the aggressiveness of the tumour:

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1. Grade I
   These are the least aggressive astrocytomas and are often slow-growing and well-differentiated. They are typically referred to as pilocytic astrocytomas and are more common in children.
    

2. Grade II
   These are also known as low-grade astrocytomas, are considered infiltrative and have a higher potential for recurrence. They may progress to higher grades over time.
    

3. Grade III
   Anaplastic astrocytomas are grade III tumours characterized by rapid growth and increased division of cells. They are more aggressive than low-grade astrocytomas and are associated with a poorer prognosis.
    

4. Grade IV
   Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant form of astrocytoma, classified as grade IV. These tumours grow rapidly and are highly invasive, making them difficult to treat.

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of astrocytomas involves imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the tumour type and grade.

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Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on the tumour's location and size but may include:

• headaches

• seizures

• cognitive changes

• motor deficits

 

To view symptoms in detail, click here

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Effects

The effects of astrocytomas can be significant, potentially causing

• neurological impairment,

• functional limitations, 

• decreased quality of life.
   

Treatment
Treatment for astrocytomas typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The specific treatment approach depends on factors such as the tumour grade, location, and the patient's overall health.

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